What condition is caused by gas bubbles in the bloodstream?

Gas embolism is a medical condition that occurs when gas bubbles enter the bloodstream. It can result from various activities, including diving, where rapid ascension may allow nitrogen that has been dissolved in the body at high pressure to form bubbles as the pressure decreases. These bubbles can travel through the circulatory system and block blood vessels, leading to serious complications such as tissue damage, organ dysfunction, and even death.

The mechanism behind gas embolism is critical for understanding diving risks. Divers can avoid this condition by following safe ascent procedures and allowing adequate time for nitrogen to off-gas during decompression stops. Recognizing the symptoms early—such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, or neurological deficits—can be vital in managing this potentially life-threatening condition.

In contrast, the other conditions listed have different underlying causes and mechanisms. Dyspnea refers to difficulty breathing, which can arise from various respiratory conditions but is not specifically linked to gas bubbles in the bloodstream. Atelectasis is the collapse of lung tissue, often due to obstruction or compression, while pneumothorax refers to the presence of air in the pleural space, which is also unrelated to gas bubbles in the bloodstream. Understanding these distinctions is important for navigating diving safety and medical emergencies effectively.